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SERIAL KILLERS

Date Added

Ivan Milat May 2003
 
Bio
  Full Name Robert Ivan Marko Milat
  Date of  Birth 27th December 1944
  Known Also As The Backpacker Killer
  Hit Count 7+
Information & Pictures
At first, the two orienteers thought the strong smell in the forest must be a dead animal.  But as they drew closer to the boulder in the isolated gully, what had first appeared to be a kangaroo leg turned out to be a human elbow.  And the fur that they though they saw sticking out of the leaves was, in fact, the hair on the back of a human head.


Their maps marked the spot as Executioner's Drop.  It was 19th September 1992, and the mystery of Australia's missing backpackers was beginning to emerge in the Belanglo State Forest just 150km (90 miles) south-west of Sydney, Australia's largest city.


The next day, New South Wales police constable Suzanne Roberts found a second body pushed under a log just 30m (100 feet) from the first corpse.  The bodies were soon identified as the remains of missing British hitchhikers Joanne Walters, aged 22, and her friend 21 year old Caroline Clarke.


The two girls had both been bound, stabbed and shot, suffering multiple wounds.  There was also evidence of sexual assault and that the killer, or killers, had chain-smoked through the ordeal and taken their time.  It was even feared that because their bodies were found lying in the same north-south direction, with their heads to the south, there could be some ritualistic element to the killings.


Both women were the last known victims of the man who'd become know across the world as the 'backpacker killer'.


Their remains were the first confirmation of the police's worst fear that a serial killer was operating near Sydney.

[ Caroline Jane Clarke & Joanne Lesley Walters ]


Although both came from different backgrounds, the two British girls became the best of friends after meeting 'on the road' in Australia.  Caroline (pictured above), aged 21 was the daughter of a senior Bank of England executive whose family lived in a large country house in Northumberland.  Joanne (pictured below), aged 22 was the only daughter of a paper mill worker and union convenor from a terraced house in the Welsh village of Maesteg.


Both girls were described as confident, outgoing and sensible.  They intended winding up their Australian holiday by going to Queensland and Darwin and then flying to Indonesia.  Both phoned their parents on 16th April 1992 and told them they were going fruit picking, but the last confirmed sighting of the girls was at a travellers' rest area at Mittagong, just 20 minutes drive from the Belanglo State Forest.  They were the last of the backpackers to go missing and, several months later, the first to be found dead.

The eerie forest was to give up the skeletal and mutilated remains of five more young people and spark Australia's largest ever murder inquiry before their brazen killer would be tracked down.  Yet it was the tragic story of Joanne and Caroline, and their parents' brave yet vain attempts to find them alive, which came to represent for many the true horror of the case.


The girls' names first came to public attention when police took the highly unusual step of interrupting the broadcast of an English-Australia rugby match in June 1992 to appeal for help in locating them.  Officers in the missing persons bureau wanted the largest possible TV audience, hoping the girls, or someone who knew them, might have been watching the match.  They also set up a toll-free hot-line in a bid to get new information, but there were no firm leads.

[ The Search ]


Police searchers comb the dense undergrowth of the Belanglo State Forest near the area where Simone Schmidl's body was discovered.  The last two bodies would be found three days later.

Welsh-born nanny Joanne and convent-educated Caroline, from Northumberland, had met in Australia, travelling on carefree working holiday visas, like thousands of other young backpackers each year.  Many thumb their way across the continent, as all the guidebooks said as Australia was one of the friendliest and safest countries in the world for hitchhiking.


Joanne and Caroline had both travelled the country before sharing a rented flat in Sydney's Kings Cross district.  Then they decided to hitch south to pick fruit.  On Easter Saturday, 18th April, bother were last seen heading towards Kings Cross station carrying sleeping bags and a tent.



Two weeks later, Ray and Gill Walters began to get worried as they had not heard anything from their only daughter, who usually called home once a week.  On 26th May, when Joanne's visa expired, they became even more alarmed and reported her disappearance to police in Wales, who informed their counterparts in Australia.  Ian Clarke, a Bank of England regional director, and his wife Jacqueline were less concerned until Caroline failed to make any contact for her father's 58th birthday.



Both families travelled to Australia to search for their daughters and refused to accept suggestions that they could have met foul play.  They preferred to think they might be staying with Aborigines on a remote desert station or even stranded somewhere in the vast outback.



'We never gave up hope,' said Ian Clarke.  'We dredged around thinking of every conceivable thing the girls could be doing where they couldn't get in touch; going out as girl Fridays on a yacht or working on a homestead without a telephone.'


In August, spurred on by the publicity the families had generated, the police began to make a connection between a series of missing person reports of foreign tourists in New South Wales and Queensland.



By the time Joanne and Caroline's badly decomposed bodies were found, five other backpackers were known to have vanished while hitchhiking on the busy Hume Highway that links Sydney and Melbourne.  The first to disappear were two 19 year old Australians on their way to an environmental rally at the end of 1989.  Then, during 1991, three German backpackers had also gone missing.


It was an emotional time, and a distraught Ray and Gill Walters faced the press to deliver a statement soon after Joanne's body was found.  'Who ever did this thing,' said Ray, speaking for many, 'I wouldn't call them sick, because sick people can be cured to an extent.  These are evil minded people, and like dogs with rabies there is only one way - they have got to be put down and destroyed.  There has got to be some system whereby we destroy those people for their evil genes.'



Time passed, but no specialist task force was set up to investigate links between the deaths and the disappearances.  Three detectives were put on the hunt for the girls' killer, but in 12 months turned up next to nothing.

[ Father Stephen Gray ]


Late in 1992, Father Stephen Gray conducted a memorial service deep in the forest to commemorate the two British girls.  It would be some months before the forest yielded still more bodies.

Meanwhile, on the other side of the world, the story was being reported in the British newspapers.  And in Birmingham, Paul Onions, an air-conditioning engineer who had backpacked around Australia in 1990, was following events with particular interest.  The gruesome details brought back a day he would rather have forgotten.


It was January 1990, that a man whom Onion regarded as the first 'real' Australian he had met had given him a lift.  But further down the road, near the turn off to the Belanglo State Forest, the man pulled a gun and tried to rob him.



Onions had reported the incident to nearby Bowral police the very same day.  He was not to know that not only had they failed to take any action, but they also lost his report.  Four crucial years were to pass before the police and Paul Onions were to make contact again.



In late 1992, Father Stephen Gray conducted a moving memorial service in the heart of the forest for Caroline Clarke and Joanne Walters.  'We have come here today, where something wicked happened, so that this place can be peaceful again and its memories put out to rest.'

[ Deborah Everist & James Gibson ]


Everist (pictured left) and Gibson (pictured below) both aged 19, set out from Melbourne on December 28th 1989 to make a quick stop in Sydney before attending a conservation rally near Albury.  James tried to cheer up Deborah's mother Peggy, who wasn't happy at the prospect of her daughter hitchhiking for the very first time.  'Don't worry,' he told her.  'You read too many newspapers and watch too much television.  Everyone does it - it's quite all right.'


At 7am on New Year's Day, just 24 hours after they were last seen at a hostel, a man found James's camera by the side of a road at Galston Gorge, just north of Sydney.


Deborah's family formally reported her missing to the police on January 15th.  Two months later a woman found a backpack bearing the name Gibson and containing a tin of sardines in the gorge.  It contained pine needles but there were no such trees in the area.  Work records later revealed Milat was fixing roads nearby when the items were discovered.


When Deborah's body was found at 1.30pm on October 5th 1993, police were unable to determine an exact cause of death.  Pathologist Peter Bradhurst said it appeared her hands and feet had been tied together before she had been killed.  James suffered multiple stab wounds.

But it was not to be.  On 5th October 1993, Bruce Pryor parked his jeep deep in the forest and started looking for firewood.  He soon stumbled upon a human thigh bone and then an upturned skull.  there were other human bones at the foot of a gum tree, just a few kilometres away from where the British girls' bodies had been found.


Police soon found the remains of 19 year old Deborah Phyllis Everist, who had last been seen on 30th December 1989, with her boyfriend James Gibson at a Sydney backpackers' hostel.  The couple had told friends that they planned to hitch south down the Hume Highway to Albury for a conservation rally.



Pathologists were unable to determine the exact cause of Deborah's death because of the time that her body had been in the open.  But there was evidence she had been hit with a sharp object, as well as stabbed in the head and body.  Her black bra and pants had been removed and cut with a knife, she had been gagged and tied up with her own tights.


James's body was lying in the fetal position within 50 metres (160 feet) of his girlfriend.  Like all the other remains, it was almost completely covered with sticks and branches to accelerate decomposition.  he had suffered multiple stab wounds to the lungs, heart and liver, and a violent cutting blow to the spine which would have paralyzed him. 


The most cursory examination of the four bodies showed the killings had been especially violent. Like all the remains recovered from the forest, none showed any signs of defensive wounds.  Police now had no doubt they were hunting a serial killer and on 12th October 1993, special Task Force Air was established under the command of Superintendent Clive Small.
[ Simone Loretta Schmidl ]


In late 1990, the 21 year old finance student from near Munich, Germany, arrived in Australia with a girlfriend on a world backpacking trip.  By January 1991 she was staying with a friend, Christine Murphy, in Sydney but was keen to meet up with her mother Erwine in Melbourne and join her on a camper van holiday.



Going against Christine's advice to take the bus, Simone gave herself four days to hitch the 800km (500 miles) down to Victoria.  On January 20th she left, wearing a yellow singlet top, green shorts and hiking boots and vanished into thin air.  Soon after her mother raised the alarm and waiting in vain in Australia for six weeks for her daughter to show up.



Four months later, her glasses, her sleeping bag were found in the bush at Bright, a town in the Australian alps.  It wasn't until 1st November 1993 that her body was recovered from the Belanglo State Forest.  A post mortem revealed she may first have been paralyzed by a stab wound to the spine.  She had six more stab wounds to the chest and sides of her body.
  Twenty detectives were assigned to the team, along with crime scene specialists and forensic experts.  Within three days specially trained sniffer dogs were brought in from Queensland, since Supt. Small feared the worst.  An extra 60 police were seconded to begin a meticulous and methodical search of the five square kilometre (two square mile) strop where the four bodies had been discovered.  'The net is really Australia' said Supt. Small at the time.  'We have something like 17 million people.  We start from there and work in.'


Then on 1st November, the skeletal remains of missing 20 year old German hitchhiker Simone Schmidl were found another five kilometres (three miles) to the east.  Her body showed signs of having suffered multiple stab wounds.  Simone was last seen on 20th January 1991, when, against the advice of her friends in Sydney, she decided to hitchhike down to Melbourne for a long planned reunion with her mother.  Police immediately increased their numbers to 80 and widened the search area to cover more than 20km (12 miles) of fire trails.  It was now apparent it would only be a matter of time before they found the bodies of the other missing young couple, German Anja Habschied, aged 20 and Gabor Neugebauer, aged 21.



In a chilling similarity to the other victims, they too were last seen at a Kings Cross Hostel planning to head out of town and hitch to Adelaide on Boxing Day 1991.

[ Anja Habschied & Gabor Kurt Neugebauer ]


The two German students from Munich had been together for 18 months.  They were on the last leg of a 2 month trip around Asia and Australia when they arrived in Sydney for Christmas 1991.


Anja (pictured left), aged 20, had written to her parents, to whom she was especially close at the same time saying that although she like Australia she was homesick.  Gabor (pictured below), aged 21, called his mother and said he wanted to come home at once.  'I would like to leave this land as soon as possible and as fast as possible,'  he told her.  On Boxing Day, the pair checked out of their hostel and headed south for Adelaide, heading ultimately for Darwin and a flight home.  But they never made it.


Nothing more was heard of either of the young Germans, although Gabor's parents and Anja's brother Norbert came to Australia to conduct a fruitless search.  Finally on 4th November 1993, Anja's decapitated body was discovered.  Gabor whose body was found nearby, had been gagged and shot six times in the head.

  Detectives already had copies of dental records when their bodies were found on either side of a fire trail on 4th November, just one kilometre (half a mile) from Simone's.  Again there was similar pattern of tying, stabbing and excessive force.


Gabor's body was found with a gag wedged between his teeth.  He was still fully clothed and had been shot six times in the head.  There was also evidence of strangulation.


Anja had been decapitated with a sword or machete while she was still alive and her head has never been found. 


Forensic pathologist Dr Peter Bradhurst said the blow was consistent with her kneeling with her head bowed.  'What immediately comes to mind is the style of ceremonial execution,' he said.


Dr Bradhurst, who performed the autopsies on all seven of the victims, later said in court that it seemed to him that it 'was more than likely' the killer had not acted alone.


Just one day before the last bodies were discovered, the name Robert Ivan Marko Milat first came to the attention of the police task force.  There was little real evidence, but a workmate had voiced his suspicions about Milat's obsession with guns.  The tip off joined the one million plus leads provided by an Australian public horrified that their hospitable nation could witness such an outrage and desperate to help catch the killer.


As an outsider, Caroline's father Ian felt the reaction first hand.  'The overwhelming feeling from the people of Australia was of shame, a strong feeling of shame that something as dreadful as this could have happened in their country.'

[ Milat's Aliases ]


Ivan Milat lived more than a double life as a fastidious road worker who was also a cruel serial killer.  He liked to fool officialdom and had not owned a driver's license in his own name since 1971.  He also adopted a number of aliases.


Many of Milat's nicknames reflected his obsessions with Westerns.  Most of his family called him 'Mac' but he was also known as Texas, Joe Spanner and Bargo Bill.


Paul Onions, an English tourist who nearly became a victim, said that the man who tried to kill him called himself Bill.  Milat denied to police that he had ever used the name.


Milat's ex-wife Karen said her 'gun-crazy' husband often 'ran around like a cowboy and called himself Tex'.  He certainly enjoyed dressing up at home, donning a sheriff's badge and playing with his revolver in a home made holster.


Milat told the jury, 'I was trying to make up some cowboy pictures just to put in my album.'


Another of Milat's fantasies is to view himself as a dashing figure from 1960's television.  he ends his letters from jail with a familiar stick figure with a halo over its head, known to millions as 'The Saint'.


Ivan Milat's obsession with guns led to a suspicious workmate tipping off the police.  Milat's fantasies extended to dressing as a cowboy and photographing himself in this outfit at home.

  Ivan Milat was born two days after Christmas in 1944.  He was the fourth son of Stephen, a 44 year old Croatian immigrant, and his young Australian wife Margaret, who was barely half her husbands age.  The family was to grow to 14 children, with Ivan roughly in the middle.


Ivan's father, who had served with the British Army in World War I, worked long hours as a wharf labourer and sometimes put in seven days a week.  The family was nominally raised as Catholics but Mr Milat had little time for education or authority apart from his own.


'Dad was strict but fair,' remembered brother Wally Milat in an interview.  'If you came home and you'd been in any sort of trouble he'd just whack you to the ground... [he was] strict and ruled with an iron fist.'


When Ivan was aged four, his father decided to become a market gardener.  The whole family was press-ganged into working, which included watering tomatoes up to two o'clock in the morning - but even so they only made a meagre living.


'It wasn't tough raising all the kids because we worked hard,' said Margaret, the 75 year old matriarch of the sprawling family.  'We never had trouble with Ivan, none of them really.'
[ Milat's Family Life ]


To the 14 children of the Milat family, guns, knives and visits from the police were a way of life.  Ivan was described as one of the cleverest of the clan, but he was also given to violence.


Pictured in 1986, during a family camping expedition, Ivan Milat fires one of his pistols.  His wife Karen, who left him a year later, described Milat as 'gun crazy'.
  The Milat clan lived in a three bedroom house near working-class Liverpool on the outskirts of Sydney.  The children slept in triple-tiered bunks.  Another son, Alex, remembers that having guns in the house was like having a spare pair of boots, and all 14 children learned to shoot.


Like most of the others, Ivan went to the local Patrician Brothers High School, where he was considered bright and good at maths and arts.  'Ivan was a bit smarter in the head than most of us,' remembered brother Alex.



But soon Ivan started regularly skipping classes, so he was moved and spent his early teenage years at Boys Town, an institution for overburdened families and their wayward sons.


'The Brothers there said there was never any trouble with him.  He was an altar boy,' recalled Ivan's mother.
[ Milat's Family Life ]


Happy and smiling, the young Ivan Milat poses for a family photo in 1954.  Aged 9, he had already been working to help the family finances for some five years.
  The family was large and needed money - so, like his brothers, at age 15 Ivan left school and went to work on various building sites.  All the boys went on to lives on heavy manual work.  Guns and knives were part of the family's pastimes.


Ivan inherited his father's obsessive cleanliness and love of order, but by the time he was 17, Ivan was in trouble with the law for breaking into a house and stealing.  In 1962, he was given six months in a juvenile institution for breaking and entering.


Over the rest of the 1960's four more jail terms would follow for breaking and entering, stealing and car theft.  His mother blames those years on Ivan falling in with the wrong crowd.


However, the police, who were a regular sight at the Milat household, remember it differently.  They said the brothers would never give each other up and were always covering for each other.  The sheer number of sons also led to confusion.


In 1969, the family moved to the better off Sydney suburb of Guildford where Margaret still lives,  It was there that Ivan's youngest sister Margaret was killed when a car driven by brother Wally was in a head-on accident near the family home.  Ivan was one of the first on the scene and reportedly 'took it rough'.


Within a month of his sister's death in 1971, he was charged with raping one of two women he had picked up hitchhiking near Liverpool.  It was near the point where, 20 years later, the backpacker victims would start to vanish.
[ Milat's Eagle Vale Home ]


Ivan Milat's home at 22 Cinnabar Street, Eagle Vale, a Sydney suburb, was kept obsessively tidy - a legacy from his father's love of order
.
  There was a committal hearing, but Milat, who also faced two armed robbery charges, including one at a bank, jumped bail and fled to New Zealand, where he stayed until 1974.  On his return he was re-arrested.


He was acquitted of the robbery charges and in a one day trial beat the rape charge after one of the victims changed her story.  There was evidence that Milat, then aged 26, had tied up both women and threatened them with a knife, but, incredibly, the police task force investigating the backpacker murders never learned about the chilling similarities of the crimes until late in the day.


Years later, Milat confided to a friend that he was in fact guilty of pulling the bank job but a brother, who was also involved, took the rap.


By 1975, Milat was apparently respectable.  He still lived with his parents, didn't drink or smoke, and was a workaholic interstate truck driver.


Ivan now met his future wife Karen, then 17, and pregnant to his cousin Mark.  Soon, the couple were living together in a caravan in a garden and saving a deposit for a house.  Ivan treated Karen's son Jason as if he was his own, and married Karen in the mid 1980's.


The family were not asked to the wedding, as they were in the midst of a feud.  Milat's father had died of bowel cancer in the early 1980's and there was more tragedy when Ivan's brother David was permanently brain-damaged in a motorcycle accident.


By then, Ivan was working for the Department of Main Roads and was away for days at a time.  The marriage under further pressure mainly due to Ivan's frugality.
[ Milat's Family ]


Ivan Milat's mother Margaret pictured with her second youngest son David John.  She recalls all her family as never being any trouble.
  It was alleged during the murder trial that it was at this time he had an affair with Maureen, the first wife of his brother Walter.  There was also a violent side to the marriage, well hidden behind the obsessive neatness of the house-proud Milat.  In his wife's words, he was becoming 'gun crazy' and often took to beating her.


Then, on St Valentine's Day in 1987, while Ivan was away at work, Karen packed up the house with the help of her mother and fled, taking all the furniture.  He didn't see her again for seven years until Karen, then on a witness protection scheme, gave evidence against him at his committal hearing.


In 1989, Milat quit his regular job.  He took to working under an alias to avoid tax and stop Karen claiming any of his income.  The divorce went through and by the end of the year the two young hitchhikers, Deborah Everist and James Gibson, had gone missing.
[ Milat's Eagle Vale Home ]


Known by the alias 'Diane', and pictured at the time of Milat's murder trial, his probable first victim was subjected to rape in 1971.  Milat was not convicted of the crime.
  The Belanglo State Forest is barely a two hour drive from the heart of Sydney.  It is announced by a small sign and turn off alongside the Australia's busiest trunk road, the Hume Highway.  Towards the end of 1993, it became the focus of the largest homicide inquiry in the nation's history.


Raw police recruits, state emergency workers and others were drafted in to comb wide swathes of the forest, often on hands and knees, for anything that could provide a clue.  They were supported by nine analysts from the State Intelligence Group who cross-checked every shred of information and every possible lead.


The nation was horrified as police revealed the brutal nature of the murders.  There was evidence that the killer, or killers, had become increasingly confident with every murder and had spent longer at each successive crime scene.


The commander of Task Force Air, Clive Small, by now a Chief Superintendent, revealed that the first three victims had been killed comparatively swiftly.  But by the time Gabor Neugebauer was shot, and his girlfriend Anja Habschied beheaded, the killer had begun playing his own perverted games.  'The victims had been bound... and at some stage had been unbound and moved several hundred metres,' Chief Supt. Small would later tell Milat's committal hearing.  'Further, there were quite a number of spent shells, I believe about one hundred, which suggested there was a good deal of time firing weapons.'


Worse still, it appeared the killer had set up beer bottles on a tree stump to show off his marksmanship to the victims.  It even seemed that Caroline Clarke and Joanne Walters had been made to undress and then dress again in a hurry.  Caroline was then shot repeatedly in the head through her maroon sweatshirt.  Joanne was stabbed 20 times through her top, which was later to become a significant exhibit in Ivan Milat's murder trial.
[ Paul Onion ]


Englishman Paul Onion began to brood on what happened to him as a backpacker.  But it would be some months before police took notice of his story.
  But at this stage, all that the police knew for certain was that the killer probably drove a four wheel drive vehicle to access the remote bush tracks, and had some knowledge of the forest.  Meanwhile, ballistics experts found that the same gun was used to kill Gabor and Caroline - a US-made Ruger 10/22 rifle which was comparatively rare in Australia.


The investigation team also knew that the danger periods were during the holidays.  All the backpackers vanished through Australia's long summer, the Christmas break and around Easter.  They also though the use of rifles and knives suggested the killer was a hunter.


Because the travellers died in the same clothing they had worn on their fateful trips down the Hume Highway, it seemed they were probably killed the same day they went missing.  This suggested the killer was living in or around the south-western region of Sydney.


There were plenty of theories but few hard facts.  Psychologists helped draft a profile of the killer.  'It is fair to say that almost without exception people involved in this type of crime from unskilled or semi-skilled occupations,' said Supt. Small.  'I'm not trying to put a class thing on it, but I think they are the facts of the matter.'


On 5th November 1993, the New South Wales Government offered a reward of A$500,000 (about £240,000) for information leading to the killer's conviction - the largest bounty ever offered in the country.  A free pardon was also offered to any accomplice not involved in the murders who would give the killer up.


Information lines were set up and within the first 24 hours, 5,100 calls were logged. The public response was enormous.


Eventually more than one million tip offs were received, of which police followed up 10,000 leads.
[ Milat Arouses Suspicion ]


The scrutiny of Ivan Milat was intensive.  As discreetly as possible, detectives contacted anyone who might have know or worked with him.  Among them was Anthony Sara, a former colleague at the Department of Main Roads, who spoke to police in April 1994.  Sara said he had become friends with Milat and that they frequently discussed firearms.  He said that in early 1992 he was driving with Milat in an official vehicle past the Belanglo State Forest when Ivan said out of the blue, 'You'd be surprised what's in there.' 'What, snakes and kangaroos?' asked Sara.  But Milat changed the subject and started talking about work.  This was at least 6 months before the British girls' bodies were recovered.



Milat's distaste for authority was revealed by his drivers license, issued in a false name, like all his papers since 1971.
  Investigators used a computer system called Netmap to chart the connections between the fragments of information about names, addresses, gun ownership, vehicles and times.  The clues to catch the killer were there but it was not just a matter of finding them, they had to be matched together.  Even satellite photographs were used to see how wet conditions had been on the days the backpackers vanished.


But in far away Birmingham, England, the trap was beginning to close.  Paul Onion, aged 27, was beginning to brood about tabloid newspaper reports about the 'Forest of Death'.  And details of his own brush with an armed robber on the same road three years earlier seemed more than just coincidence.
[ Milat's Eagle Vale Home ]


Ivan Milat displayed many personal fantasies, which included signing himself to friends in the guise of the TV 'Saint'.
  Onions contacted the Australian High Commission in London and, on 13th November 1993, was put in touch with Task Force Air, to whom he gave details of his attack and a full description of he assailant.  However, it was to be five months before he heard from them again.


Meanwhile, the Milat name started to crop up in investigations.  Police discovered a statement in their files from Ivan's brother Alex, who had contacted detectives in October 1993 with a strange story.


Eighteen months earlier, he claimed he had seen two women tied up in the back of two cars with a group of men near the Belanglo State Forest.  But the details and dates did not match and the man Alex said he was with failed to corroborate the story fully.  Police discounted Milat's statement.


Investigators also found a report from the wife of a worker at a building materials plant, detailing her suspicions about her husband's workmate.  The tip off made in early October just after the second set of bodies was found, referred to a worker called Paul Miller.  Police already knew he was actually Richard Milat, Ivan's younger brother.


During the murder trial it was alleged that after the British girls' bodies were discovered, Richard had told workmates, 'There's more out there.  They haven't found them all yet.'  On other occasions he allegedly went on 'They haven't found the Germans out there yet', and 'I know who killed the Germans.'  This was months before any of the three German victims were discovered.


In a phrase which would come back to haunt him, Richard, although he denied making all the statements, was also quoted as saying 'Stabbing a woman is like cutting a loaf of bread.'
[ The Sister's In Milat's Life ]


Several of Ivan's female relatives were to play a major part in his trial.  They included two sisters-in-law and his sister Shirley Soire (pictured left) who, to the chagrin of the prosecution, failed to appear to answer questions, despite driving Milat family members to court on most days.



Following her divorce, Shirley Soire had moved in to share Ivan's house at 22 Cinnabar Street and became one of his staunchest supporters.  After his arrest in 1994, Shirley asked her brother Walter to get rid of a pistol buried in the backyard which the police had not found in their search.  She was criticized by the crown for failing to give evidence at the trial as to how so much of the backpackers property came to be found at the home she shared with Ivan.


Carolynne (pictured left), the wife of Ivan's brother William Milat, was questioned about suggestions that she changed a date on a photograph to give Ivan an alibi for two murders that happened in Easter 1992.  She admitted she had altered the dates from March 1991 to March 1992, but denied she had done it to back up Ivan's story that he was on the family camping trip when the two British girls disappeared.


Ivan was suspected of having an affair in 1990 and 1991 with another sister-in-law, Maureen Murray, the former wife of Walter Milat.  The defence tried to suggest that as a result, Walter's ill-will towards his brother could have been a motive for him planting evidence of the murders on him.  But Walter denied any grievance, saying that if the alleged affair had happened, his love for his brother was so great he would not have held any grudge against him.
  On 16th November, the 400 police in the Belanglo State Forest paused for on minute's silence out of respect for the dead.  Their six week search of the area was now officially over.


By the end of the year police were making discreet inquiries about Ivan Milat at the NSW Road and Traffic Authority depot in Granville, Sydney.  They found out the dates of his holidays and days off.  They also approached Ivan's brother Walter at his home while checking gun licenses.  But Ivan had got wind of the investigation and, unknown to detectives, began to stash his firearms in a secret alcove in Walter's home.


In January 1994 Senior Constable Paul Gordon followed up his theory that the backpackers were all hitchhiking when they met their murderer.  He checked the records for attacks on travellers who had left the Liverpool area and came across Ivan Milat's acquittal in 1971 for the rape of two hitchhikers.


The noose was beginning to tighten.  Milat was their number one suspect, but the task force still needed stronger evidence before they dared move.  They mounted a major surveillance operation shadowing Milat's every move.  Tradesmen's vans began to appear regularly near his home in Cinnabar Street, on a housing estate in Eagle Vale, in Sydney's south west district.


Milat was seen staring back at police through binoculars from his front window.


Then in April came the breakthrough.  Paul Onions told police by telephone from England the full details of what happened while he was hitching south on the Hume Highway in January 1990.  His attacker drove a white four wheel drive, called himself Bill and had a moustache like Australian cricketer Merv Hughes.  He was also from a Yugoslav background, was divorced and worked on the roads.  The description fitted Ivan Milat like a glove.

[ Milat's Four Wheel Drive ]


Ivan Milat's four wheel drive vehicle conformed to the general description that the police had been given by Paul Onions, although many people in the Sydney area owned cars of this type.

  Onions was secretly flown to Australia on 2nd May and took police to the spot, near the Belanglo turnoff, where the man attempted to rob and abduct him at gun point.  He was shown 13 photographs on a video of men matching his description and identified Ivan Milat.  'I remember the moustache,' he said.  Milat's ex-wife Karen confirmed that Milat had made trips into the forest as far back as the early 1980's.  At last the police were ready to move, and planned to raid seven properties owned by the Milat family.


On 21st May, three detectives from Task Force Air flew to Queensland to re-interview Alex Milat about his claimed sighting of two women in the forest in 1992.  There his wife Joan handed them a backpack she said Ivan had given them saying it belonged to a friend who had returned to New Zealand and did not need it anymore.  Subsequent tests showed it had once belonged to Simone Schmidl.  Police were also alerted when Joan made some unsolicited comments about serial killers keeping 'trophies' from their victims.


That night Ivan was called by a relative in the nearby town of Bargo telling him police had been round asking about a silver Nissan four wheel drive he once owned.  At 2am his brother William rang to say he too had been questioned about the car and his involvement in an armed robbery.


At 6.36am on Sunday, 22nd May, police called Ivan Milat's home and told him to come out with his arms outstretched.  Milat claims he thought the call was a prank and ignored the order.


After a third call, he and his girlfriend, Chalinder Hughes, a public servant, came out to find 50 heavily armed police surrounding them.  The investigators were confident they had their man at last.  Now they just had to prove it.
[ Milat's Arrest ]


Early in the morning of 22nd May 1994, armed police surrounded Milat's home and moved in to arrest him.
  Soon after his arrest, Ivan Milat was interrogated by detectives for three hours at his home.  He was asked if he had ever used the name Bill; if he owned any firearms, and if he'd ever used a Ruger 10/22 rifle.  He said no to each question.


The next day he appeared in Campbelltown Local Court charged with armed robbery and using a revolver with intent to commit an indictable offence in relation to Paul Onions.  It wasn't until 31st May that he was formally charged with the murder of the seven backpackers, the attempted abduction of Paul Onions and several firearm offences.


From day one, Milat denied all the charges, but behind the scenes investigators were seizing a wealth of ballistics, scientific and physical evidence.  The irony was that most of came from the ordinary brick suburban building worth around £100,000 that Ivan called home, and appeared to be macabre trophies of his exploits.  Milat had had ample time to dispose of the evidence.  So why didn't he? 


The evidence found at 22 Cinnabar Street was startling in anyone's language.  In Milat's bedroom they found 38 .22 cartridges in a tin and electrical tape similar to that found at the murder scenes.  In a spare room was a manual for a Ruger 10/22, more ammunition and a Bowie knife, and in the laundry was a .32 Browning pistol with its ammunition.


Then, in a wall cavity were found parts of a Ruger trigger assembly, which tests showed was used in the murders.  In a cupboard were more parts of the gun Milat denied that he ever owned, together with a map showing the Belanglo State Forest.


Police who had spent months getting nowhere on the investigation could not believe their luck.  Soon they turned up a water bottle that had belonged to German victim Simone Schmidl and an Olympus camera that had belonged to Caroline Clarke.  They also found small amounts of foreign coins from all the countries that the backpackers had visited en route to Australia.
[ Milat's Armoury ]


Ivan Milat's home at 22 Cinnabar Street, Eagle Vale, a Sydney suburb, was kept obsessively tidy - a legacy from his father's love of order
.
  More disturbingly, in the garage was a pillowcase containing five sash cords.  One had bloodstains that DNA tests showed were consistent with blood belonging to a child born to Ian and Jacqueline Clarke.  There was also a tent belonging to Simone and a home made silencer for a rifle.


Milat shared the house with his sister Shirley Soire.  In her bedroom were found sleeping bags belonging to Deborah Everist and Simone Schmidl.  In court it was alleged that Milat asked her dispose of a Colt .45 pistol which he had buried in the garden.  It was claimed Ivan's brother Walter sold the weapon to a stranger and passed on the A$800 to Shirley.


Another key piece of evidence was a photograph of Milat's girlfriend Chalinder Hughes in a green and white Benetton top exactly the same as one that Caroline Clarke brought with her to Australia.


And there was more to come at the various homes of the Milat clan, whom anonymous callers to the police hotline had called a 'hillbilly family'.  The family had remained close-knit over the years - especially the five brothers, Ivan, Wally, Bill, Alex and Richard, who shared a love of hunting, shooting and cars.


In Walter's home was an Anschutz .22 rifle and bolt of the type used at the murder scene of Anja Habschied and her boyfriend, as well as a pack that had been Simone's.


At Richard's property were Caroline Clarke's tent and bed roll.  At Alex Milat's home in West Woombye, Queensland police were handed Simone's backpack.  And at the Milat's mother's home in the Sydney suburb of Guildford (where Milat was living at the time of the murders) were found a T-shirt belonging to Simone and a Next brand T-shirt that Paul Onions formally identified as his.


It seemed as though the police had an open and shut case.  But in fact, all the mounting evidence was still circumstantial.  There was nothing which put Ivan Milat in the forest at the time of any of the deaths.  And although there were a number of strong leads, some of the best would never be heard in a court of law.
[ Milat's Armoury ]


Many of the weapons were concealed, like this .32 Browning automatic pistol discovered hidden together in a suede pouch under Milat's washing machine.
  Among such leads was the bizarre story that Alex Milat had told police as the second group of bodies was being discovered.  He'd claimed that in Easter 1992, as he drove past the Belanglo State Forest on a dirt road, he had seen two girls tied up and gagged in the back seats of two passing four wheel drives.


Police were incredulous as Alex gave detailed descriptions of the men and the guns he said they were carrying, despite the fact that both vehicles were being driven at speed in the opposite direction.  The friend Milat said he was with could only partly verify the story.


But later investigators discovered that the registration numbers Alex had gave them matched part of the registration of a car which his brother Ivan had once owned.  Was it a round about tip off?  Or was Alex trying to confuse police?  He has since maintained he told the complete truth about what he saw in the forest.


Police were also intrigued by a 'confession' that Milat allegedly made to a former prisoner called Noel Manning, with whom he had shared a cell while awaiting his rape trial in 1974.  Manning told police officers Milat had explained how he had raped a girl after stabbing her spine to paralyse her, so the victim could see the crime but couldn't stop it.


Although this was years earlier than the backpacker murders, three of the seven victims had been stabbed in the spine.  And there was evidence all had been sexually assaulted.  Manning told his story before the details of Milat's attacks were made public but was never able to repeat them in court.  He died, in an apparent suicide, weeks before the trial began.


More incriminating evidence against Ivan Milat would also be kept from the jury, this time for legal reasons.  This was the story of the 1971 rape case.
[ Milat's 'Trophies' ]


Among the evidence found by the police were large amounts of property belonging to the murder victims.  Prominent among the items belonging to several of the girls.
  On Friday, 9th April 1971, the 26 year old Milat hit the road in his beloved 250 horse power Falcon V8.  He was hunting for hitchhikers.  At Liverpool he picked up two 18 year old girls wanted a lift to Melbourne.  Bother were undergoing psychiatric treatment and were on Valium.


The girls dozed off and awoke on a dirt road where Milat produced knives and told them he was going to have sex with both of them.  He brazenly promised, 'You know what I'm going to do?  I'm going to kill you.  You won't scream when I cut your throats, will you?'  Milat then bound their hands and feet with nylon cord and raped one girl in the front seat.  Later, they both escaped when he pulled into a gas station to buy them a fizzy drink.


Perhaps the episode was a twisted dress-rehearsal for what would follow years later.  Or perhaps it was the regular but unreported pastime of a man who since the age of 17 had spent five years behind bars.


In any case, Milat was caught on the road after a police chase.  He always claimed that the women consented to sex and in 1974, after a poor performance from the victim, a NSW Supreme Court jury believed him.  Milat was a free man and didn't appear in court again until 1994 when he stood charged with the backpacker murders.  A seasoned detective on Task Force Air who put Milat through intense interrogation said, 'Ivan is the coolest man I have ever interviewed.'


It now appeared there was a pattern emerging in Milat's attacks.  Although Ivan seemed to have had several girlfriends, there were just two major relationships in his life and the timings of bother were crucial to the commission of his crimes.


Ivan was introduced to his future wife Karen in October 1975.  It was a time of apparent stability in his life.  He had five jobs in 18 years and all his bosses described him as the ideal employee.  Although their relationship was turbulent, Ivan and Karen appeared happy together and they were married in 1984.


[ The Moustache ]



Paul Onions' identification of Milat was crucial to the police case and much of it hinged on Ivan's moustache.  Onions said he had been held up by a man with a long moustache like Australian cricketer Merv Hughes (pictured).  Milat denied he had such whiskers at the time of the attack.  But official photographs of a road accident in the same month showed him fixing the road surface, wearing a moustache.



In court, Milat, who was then clean-shaven, was forced to admit the pictures were of him.  His defence contended that Milat's moustache was more in the 'drooping Mexican style' than like that of Merv Hughes.  Counsel also argued that in 1990 his brother Richard Milat had a moustache similar to that of the cricketer's.
  But then, in 1987, Karen walked out on her husband.  On 13th July 1989 they were divorced.  Six months the first two backpackers went missing.  For a period of two and a half years, between January 1990 and April 1992, Milat became a ruthless, cold blooded and sadistic killer who scoured the Hume Highway looking for victims.  Then the murders stopped just as suddenly as they begun.


Perhaps it was the unlikely relationship that Ivan Milat struck up with 43 year old divorcee Chalinder Hughes, the Indian born and English educated registrar at the Federal Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission.  Two years later, after there had been no more attacks, she was in his bed when the armed police raided Milat's house in Cinnabar Street. 


There was one more coincidence that pointed to a link between the murders and Milat's emotional state.  After Milat's arrest, police checked all unresolved rapes to see if he was involved.  There was just one case in 1984 when two Asian girls hitching down the Hume Highway were picked up and taken to the Belanglo Forest.  A man they later identified as Milat demanded, 'Okay girls, which one of you wants to go first?'  The young women managed to escape and hid in the Forest while Milat prowled around looking for them.  Police found that the date coincided with one of Milat's temporary break-ups from Karen.


The evidence mounting against Milat was certainly sensational, but his trial proved to be even more dramatic than anyone could have expected.

[ Milat's Trial ]


Following initial committal proceedings, the long-running trial lasted for some four months.  The prosecution solicitors took three months to deliver their detailed case, including two key witness statements.


Milat's trial was one of the longest in Australian legal history.  Its complication turned mainly on the lack of hard facts among a wealth of circumstantial evidence.

  Justice David Hunt warned the jury of eight men and four women, who had been whittled down from the 1000 originally sent notices to appear, that the case would be emotional - he might also have added confusing, confounding and contradictory.


Seventeen weeks later, when he came to his summing up, Justice Hunt said that in 17 years as a judge he had never known a case when the prosecution and defence cases had varied so much.  'Indeed, you may have wondered at times whether the barristers were each talking about the same case,' he commented.


The committal of Ivan Milat at Campbelltown Local Court in Sydney's south west district, that began in October 1994, had revealed the prosecution's huge weight of evidence against the road worker.  Now, after 15 months of delays caused by legal aid arguments, it would soon be time for the defence to play their surprise trump card - which left some believing Ivan could after all be an innocent party.


The trial of Regina Vs Ivan Robert Marko Milat began on Tuesday 26th March 1996 at the historic St James Road Court in the heart of Sydney, with more than a hint of the horror which was to come.  Crown Prosecutor Mark Tedeschi QC started by outlining the attempted abduction of Paul Onions who, he said, Milat intended killing purely for psychological gratification. 


He then graphically explained the injuries that were suffered by the seven victims of the killer.  'The backpackers were killed in ferocious and sustained attacks during which vastly more force was used than necessary to kill them.  These killings were for killing's sake.'


Though it was bogged down in essential detail the Crown case was simple.  The physical evidence found at 22 Cinnabar Street linked Milat with all four groups of bodies found in the forest, and the modus operandi of the killer showed that whoever did on murder did them all.
[ Milat's Ex-Wife ]


Ivan Milat's ex-wife Karen was a key prosecution witness.  Her testimony was given under witness protection and she rarely look at him as she recounted the story of their life together.
  The jurors had the chance to see for themselves the sites where the bodies of the seven backpackers were discovered.  On 18th April the Belanglo State Forest was closed to the public to protect the anonymity of the jury and the court adjourned to examine the area.


The prosecution took three months to make their case.  But among all their damning ballistics and forensic evidence it was the testimony of two very different witnesses that probably convinced the jury there could be no reasonable doubt.


The first was Karen Milat, aged 37, who rarely looked at her ex-husband as she recalled four different trips to the Belanglo State Forest with Ivan in 1983.  On two occasions he had gone to shoot kangaroos and finished one off by cutting its throat.  The other two times they just drove around and had a picnic.


Despite Milat's claims he had never been to the forest, Karen told the court how he seemed to know his way and never used a map.  'Ivan jut liked guns,' the woman now under witness protection explained.  'Ivan knew how to handle them and was confident about handling guns.'  She also confirmed that Ivan was known by many aliases, including Bargo Bill.


The second key witness was Paul Onions, who had escaped from Milat in 1990 and whose identification of him in 1994 from police photographs helped lead to his arrest.  Mr Onions, now aged 30, told the terrifying story of how Milat had pulled a revolver on him while he was hitching south along the Hume Highway.  Milat said it was a robbery but Onions saw some rope sticking out of his bag.


'It was just a bag with dirty coloured rope.  I saw the rope and that scared me more than the gun... I undid my seat belt and jumped straight out of the vehicle.' he told the court.  Onions tried to flag down passing cars as Milat chased him and fired a shot at him.  'I heard the gun go off.  I just froze and then I started dodging and weaving as best I could.'


When no cars stopped, Onions said he was about to give up when he felt Milat's hand on his shirt.  He struggled and managed to get away. 'Once I broke free, I thought the next vehicle that comes over the hill I'm just going to stand in front of it, even if it runs me over, that's it.'



But the young engineer was lucky.  He stopped a passing van, jumped inside and locked the door.  'The people inside were saying "Get out, get out" and I said "This man has got a gun, I'm not going anywhere."'  Onions, who had left all of his belonging in Milat's vehicle, said the last thing he remembered seeing was a 'stupid grin' on the face of the man who'd just tried to gun him down.
[ Milat's Trial ]


During Milat's committal hearing, court officials visited the Belanglo State Forest to inspect the scene for themselves.  Some 18 months later, in April 1996, the forest was closed so that jurors could do the same.
  It was the 13th week of his trial that Milat climbed into the witness box and swore to tell 'the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth'.  He could have made an un-sworn statement from the dock but to the surprise of many choose to give evidence and, more importantly, to face cross-examination.


Dressed in a navy blue suit, Milat coolly answered the questions of his counsel Mr Terry Martin.  He denied having any knowledge of or involvement in any of the deaths or the abduction of Paul Onions.  He admitted having up to 30,000 rounds of ammunition for Chinese made rifles at his home but had no idea how the vital Ruger rifle parts came to be hidden there.  He claimed the had never been to the Belanglo State Forest, contradicting the sworn evidence of his former wife.  And he had no explanation as to how any of the victims' property came to be in his and his brothers 'homes.


It was soon after this that what many regard as the turning point came under cross-examination from Crown Prosecutor Mark Tedeschi, to whom the ever-cool Milat just kept up his denials."


'So,' the Queens Council began, 'you ask the jury to accept that someone broke into your locked house, despite the burglar alarm, planted a Ruger rifle bolt in the ceiling of your garage, dropped the weapon's receiver in one of your boots in the hall cupboard - making sure both gun parts were painted in the same camouflage colours you use on your firearms - then left a single fired cartridge, linked to the murder of Ms Caroline Clarke, in a plastic bag on the bed in a spare room?'


The usually cocky Milat could only answer, 'They must have.'  It was a low point for the defence case from which they never fully recovered.


There were only a half dozen witnesses for the defence in the entire trial and conspicuous by their absence were Milat's sister Shirley Soire, with whom he shared the Eagle Vale home, and his mother, Margaret Milat.  The witnesses that Milat's side did call presented him as a good neighbour who was always willing to help, but the damage had already been done to his reputation.
[ Milat's Counsel ]


Milat's counsel was the Queensland barrister Terry Martin, under whose questioning he denied all charges.
  In his final address, Crown Prosecutor Mark Tedeschi said it was Milat's 'incredible arrogance and unbelievable self confidence' which led him to keep his victims' camping gear and parts of a murder weapon at his home.  He said Milat not only fitted the physical description given by Onions but that his four wheel drive and a revolver with copper-tipped bullets also matched the traveller's testimony.  Milat also often visited Lombardo's shops at Casula where Onions was offered his fateful ride.


'It is my submission there is only one person in the whole of Australia who matches all of those descriptions - the man, the car, the equipment, and the place - and that is the accused.'  He concluded, 'It's almost as though the accused left a fingerprint in the forest because of the incredible coincidence of all the items being linked to him.'


Then Milat's counsel made a strategic concession and raised a terrifying theory which has continued to haunt the case.  Terry Martin said there was a reasonable possibility that one, or both, of Ivan's younger brothers could have committed the murders and then planted the evidence on their sibling.  Ivan himself had testified that he had no knowledge of whether his brothers were involved in the offences.


Both Richard Milat, a labourer, aged 40, and Walter Milat, a self-employed builder aged 44, had featured prominently in the trial.  But both had denied having anything to do with, or any knowledge of the backpacker crimes - despite the victims' property being found at their homes.


'There can be absolutely no doubt that whoever committed all eight offences must be within the Milat family, or very, very closely associated with it.  Blind Freddy can see that,' Mr Martin said in his final address.  He said if there was any doubt that Ivan was the guilty party he should be given the benefit of that doubt.
[ Witnesses ]


Among the many witnesses called for the prosecution was the woman driver who had picked up Paul Onions, saving him from Milat's attack.
  But in closing, the defence left the jury with a tantalizing question.  'Do you think that a person capable of those most brutal crimes would give two hoots about planting gear on a brother?  Do you not think a person guilty of that behaviour would do anything to avoid conviction?'


Mrs. Milat was not called by the defence to give evidence, but shortly before the end of the trial, she told a newspaper reporter that her whole family was not guilty of any crime.  'But if Ivan is innocent, then they'll go and arrest Richard,' she said.  'They are both innocent.  They were living here when those murders were meant to happen.  I did all their washing.  There was no blood.  They're good boys.'


Then Justice Hunt began to sum up the evidence which had taken 62 days, involved 145 Crown and nine defence witnesses and concerned 420 exhibits.  The sheer weight of minute detail had filled more than 3,500 pages of transcript.  He asked the jury to put aside any sympathy they might have for the victims or their families, many of whom were present throughout the grueling days of testimony.  And, he reminded them, 'suspicion is not a substitute for proof beyond a reasonable doubt'.


There was still no definite evidence that placed Milat at the murder scene.  But the judge told the jury, 'Circumstantial evidence may be compared to rope,  a thick piece of cord made up of a number of strands of fibre.  Not one of those strands alone may have very much strength, but when those strands are taken together the strength of the rope may be very great.
[ Ivan Milat ]


Milat had remained cool and calm throughout the trial.  As he arrived to hear the verdict, he smiled and looked confident.
  The image was appropriate, as the jury evidently considered they had enough rope to hang Milat.  On Saturday, 27th July 1996, after a four month trial and 20 hours of deliberation spanning four days, the jury returned.  As the foreman stood to read out guilty verdicts to all charges, Mrs. Gillian Walters, the mother of the murdered Welsh backpacker Joanne Walters, gasped from the public gallery.


Milat did not react as he was immediately sentenced to jail for the term of his natural life.  The whole nightmare seemed over for the grieving families and an outraged Australia - but there were more disturbing surprises to come.


In passing sentence, Justice Hunt stated that Milat's 'callous indifference to the suffering' of his victims was almost beyond belief.  And he suggested the only motive ever raised in the court for Milat's reign of terror, that the backpackers had been savagely and cruelly attacked for 'psychological gratification of the prisoner'.  The judge then stated what police investigators, the families of the deceased and public feared most.  'It is inevitable that the prisoner was not alone in that criminal enterprise,' he said.
[ Milat's Guns ]


Ivan Milat's obsession with weapons extended to this World War I vintage heavy machine gun.  His ex-wife Karen referred to him as 'gun-crazy'.
  Manfred Neugebauer, the father of one of the German victims, remains convinced that Milat was not alone: 'Gabor was 1.86m (6 foot 1 inches) tall and very strong.  When we sometimes went into the forest to cut firewood he would cut huge logs and carry whole stumps.  It would have taken two men to kill him.'


'I think we've got the awful prospect that there is someone out there on the streets who shouldn't be on the streets,' said Caroline's father Ian, soon after the verdict was handed down.



Dr Peter Bradhurst, the forensic pathologist who conducted all seven autopsies, said throughout that he thought it likely there was more than one person involved.  The theory of multiple killers was supported by evidence that two rifles had been used at one death scene and shots had been fired from different directions.  Evidence was also given that the branches used to cover the bodies were too heavy for one man to lift.



Different methods were used to kill two pairs of victims.  Caroline Clarke had been shot ten times in the head while Joanne Walters had been stabbed 14 times.  Gabor Neugebauer was shot six times in the head and strangled, but his girlfriend Anja Habschied had been decapitated.


Police also considered it unlikely with six victims travelling in pairs, Milat could have restrained them alone during the bumpy drive into the Belanglo State Forest.  They also could not explain why cigarette butts and liquor bottles were found at the grave sites when Milat neither smoked nor drank.
[ The Milat Brothers ]


Pictures of the Milat brothers together reveal many striking similarities which were commented on at Ivan's trial.  Here Ivan and Richard (left) enjoy a karaoke night in 1993.
  After the trial the chief suspects were Ivan's brothers Richard and Wally, who had been named in court by Milat's own counsel.


In a remarkable television interview shortly after the trial, Richard Milat, who had allegedly told workmates that stabbing a woman was 'like cutting a loaf of bread', denied that he had any links with the murders.  'I've got no fears.  I don't reckon they will arrest me.  If they thought it was me they'd have me now, wouldn't they,' he said.  'I'm not going inside for anything I did... I never killed nobody so why should I go there?'


Wally Milat denied involvement and refuted the theory that there were two killers.  'Whoever is doing [the killings] is sick.  Even if it's my brother it's really sick.  There's only one.  There's not a busload of them going around doing it.  There's only one.'


Soon after Ivan's conviction, Sydney's Daily Telegraph released tapes of a secretly recorded conversation in which Richard Milat discussed details of the killings, just days after his brother's arrest.


The tape, last 72 minutes, was recorded in a Sydney pub in 1994, during a covert police operation involving a family friend of the Milat's called Phillip Polglase. 


He went undercover for three months following Ivan's arrest, after telling police Milat had earlier informed him of his killing spree.
[ Wally Milat ]


Wally Milat was another brother who, like Richard, came under suspicion of involvement in the killings - although he strenuously denied this.
  The tape was said to show the extraordinary insight that Richard Milat had into the mind of the killer.  He told his mate, who was wired for sound, that there must have been more than one person involved or how would the 'big German' have had a broken arm, jaw and back.


Richard Milat told how there would be 'heaps more bodies' and spoke about 'some skinny fuckin' pommy backpacker' who police believe to be Paul Onions.  Richard also admitted he had scant defence.  'So I am a lunatic.  I'm not worried about it, I don't worry if they come 'n' arrest me for fuckin' killing all those backpackers too... there is very little defence on me, sayin' where I was, where I was at.'


The tape was never tendered in evidence.


Half way through Milat's committal hearing in November 1994, Polglase was killed in a head on collision with another car near his home in the country.  Police found there were no suspicious circumstances.


The Sydney Morning Herald newspaper then published a story about information concerning a 'hunting party' of three or more local men who may have been involved in some of the murders.  One of these was a man said to fit the profile of the killer prepared before Milat's arrest.  He was described as a violent loner with an alcohol and drug problem who owned several weapons including a Bowie knife, a awn off shotgun and a .22 Ruger rifle similar to the one used in the killings.


Another member of the 'hunting party' also lived near Bowral, not far from the forest, and was described as a woodsman with a gun fetish who had spent tie in psychiatric institutions.  Soon after the British girls' remains were discovered, he claimed to a prospective employer that he knew where more bodies were buried in the forest.  This man was interviewed by police but dismissed as a suspect.
[ Grounds for Appeal ]


Milat's solicitor, Brisbane based Andrew Boe, said that the case was so prejudiced that it was impossible to change the perception of Milat's guilt.  Mr Boe said the media focused on highly emotive evidence, such  as the bloodied shirt punctured with multiple stab wounds.


'The presumption started from the time of his arrest; hundreds of policemen were marshalled for the arrest of just one man, instilling in us the fear this must be a dangerous person,' said Mr Boe, who spent two years organising Milat's defence.


He said the evidence only showed the killer was connected with the family, but did not prove Ivan was the guilty party.  'The pre-trial publicity was such that the greater population was already infected with so much information that one wonders if you can be confident the verdict reached was reached purely on the basis of evidence produced at the trial.'
  A disturbing allegation was raised by one of Milat's former cellmates suggesting he might have started killing in the early 1970's.  Noel Manning spent eight weeks in a cell with Milat in 1974 and heard endless stories of rape, murder and torture.


Manning was then 18, serving 12 months for stealing and assault, and said that none of Milat's stories were ever the same.


'I was terrified... he talked about how he would stake people out on the ground, cut them open and let them bleed.  The stories went on and on, male, female, boy, girl, he never spoke about the same person twice and the stories were non stop every night,' recalled Manning.  He gave a lengthy statement, which a police source said was plausible and was supported by the way in which some of the backpackers had died.


But Manning, who was then facing fraud charges, never lived to see the trial.  He committed suicide a few weeks before it began.  Even so, detectives began looking into the files of five women who went missing in the late 1970's and 1980's near wear Milat was working.
  [ Milat's Appeal ]


Milat's solicitor, Brisbane based Andrew Boe lodged an appeal on 31st July 1996, predicting an 'extraordinary chance of success'.  But Alex Milat said that the family might not be able to raise the funds to fight the conviction.
  Police also began re-examining the files of 15 other missing persons who had disappeared while hitchhiking in New South Wales and could also have been victims of Milat.  On 8th August 1996, an investigation team began searching an area of the Blue Mountains, 100 miles west of Sydney, for what they feared could be a second burial ground.


Soon after Milat's conviction, police had also re-opened the murder case of 18 year old Peter Letcher, whose badly decomposed body was found by bush walkers in Jenolan State Forest in January 1988.  There were certainly striking similarities to the backpacker victims.  Letcher was last seen alive the previous November when he had hitched away from his home at Busby in south-west Sydney.



A coroner's report revealed that Letcher had been shot several times in the head and killed in a similar manner to the backpackers.  But meticulous search of the area with metal detectors failed to turn up any new evidence or any further bodies.


Meanwhile the police kept their files open on the Belanglo State Forest killings, while several members of the Milat clan complained that they were still under surveillance and that they believed their phones were being tapped.
[ Maitland Bay ]


Following his conviction, Ivan Milat was imprisoned in Maitland Bay, north of Sydney.  Here he was given the maximum security classification, and only permitted restricted visiting rights.
  Ivan Robert Marko Milat began the rest of his life in a small 3m x 5m (10 feet x 15 feet) sandstone cell in Maitland Bay, north of Sydney.  Officials almost immediately classified him as an A2 maximum security inmate, the third highest classification a prisoner can be given.  He was initially only allowed one visitor per month.

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