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shyscyberchamber.com
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BAD PEOPLE |
Date
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Donald Lang |
June 2003 |
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Bio |
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Full Name |
Donald Lang |
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Date of Birth |
15th January 1945 |
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Known Also As |
The Deaf & Dumb Killer |
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Hit Count |
2+ |
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Information & Pictures |
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At 6'oclock on the cold Chicago morning of 12th November 1965 Mamie
Harris, a 32 year old black woman, went to put out the trash in the
alley by her home. At the foot of some concrete stairs,
half-hidden behind a door, she saw the battered and bloody body of a
woman, Mamie called the police.
Detective Sergeant Denson, a tough, black cop from Area 4 Homicide,
was put in charge of the investigation. It looked like the most
routine of ghetto killings - a black prostitute's body found in a back
alley on Chicago's notorious Near West Side, where there was a murder
a night. |
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[
Detective Louis Denson ]
Detective Louis Denson though Lang was probably faking. |
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It turned into a case unique in the annals of American
law, which brought into question the whole ability of the US criminal
justice system to deal fairly with the accused.
The dead prostitute was 37 year old Ernestine Williams. The
pathologist's report showed that she had died from a stab wound to the
lungs. She had also been battered around the head.
Denson started at a local hang-out for prostitutes and their 'tricks',
the Romeo Tavern. A regular customer, 61 year old Lee Jackson,
told Denson he had seen Ernestine in the bar the night before,
drinking and dancing by the juke box. At around 10pm a short,
young black man, who seemed unusually quiet, approached her.
Apparently he communicated by gestures only, because he showed some
money, pointed to Ernestine's crutch and then to the door. There
wasn't much doubt about what he wanted. Ernestine left her red
jacket with a friend, Mary Jane Carter, for safe keeping, saying she
would be right back, and the couple left. |
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[
Lowell Myers ]
Deaf defence attorney Lowell Myers argued for the case to be
dismissed. How could his client be tried for murder when he did not even
know he was on trial? |
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Ernestine never returned. At about half past
midnight the short, black man came back, gestured towards the coat and
then towards outside, but Mary Jane refused to hand it over.
There were no eyewitnesses to the murder, but Denson soon established
the identity of the man who had left the Romeo with Ernestine.
He was well-known in the area. Some people called him 'the
dummy'. His name was Donald Lang, and he was a deaf mute. |
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[
Earline Brown ]
Earline Brown was last seen alive checking into a hotel with Donald
Lang. Her body was found in a cupboard and the mattress had been turned
over to hide the bloodstains.
A huge puddle of blood was found on the
mattress in Room 201 of the Viceroy Hotel, yet there was relatively little blood
on Donald Lang's clothes. Defence attorney Lowell Myers argued that these
bloodstains were not contact smears such as the murderer would have received,
but the result of flying droplets of blood, which had landed on Lang while
someone else was beating Earline to death. Myers drew particular attention
to one such drop on the seat of Lang's trousers, but there was also blood on his
knee.
Myers also pointed to some medium-brown hairs found stuck to dried blood on
Earline's sandals. These matched neither Donald Lang nor the victim, and
were probably of Caucasian origin. Myers presented these hairs as
supporting evidence of his theory that other men had entered the room, and
attacked Earline. Unfortunately the hairs could just as well have been
evidence of the hotel's failure to clean its rooms properly.
Blood was found on Earline's fingernails, but there was too little to be able to
say what type it was. Myers argued that this was evidence that Earline had
scratched her assailant, and Donald Lang was unmarked. But the prosecution
pointed out that the blood was on top of the fingernails, not underneath where
it would have been if it was the result of scratching. Fragments of
clothing but no blood or skin were found under the nails. |
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On the Monday morning homicide detectives arrested 20
year old Lang in the produce trucking area of Chicago's massive South
Water Market, where he worked loading and unloading trucks. He
offered no resistance.
So far the case was fairly routine, but at the police station Denson
was having trouble. There seemed to be no way to communicate
with Donald Lang. He mumbled sometimes, but he couldn't
read or write, and nor apparently could he speak or hear. It was
the cop's hunch that he was faking. Then Lang suddenly took the
pen from Denson's breast pocket, and began to draw. According to
the detective, Lang drew a picture of a woman, and then made stabbing
gestures towards Denson's chest. 'I took it to mean a
confession,' Denson reported later. But was it? |
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[ Dr Helmer R Myklebust ]
Language disorder expert Dr Helmer R. Myklebust examined Lang and
reported that the young man could not - or would not - perform simple
childish tests. He declared Lang mentally defective. |
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The police picked up Donald's brother, William, hoping
he would help with communication, and they drove to the crime scene.
Donald led them straight to the place where the body had been found.
There was no question that he must have been there when the murder
took place. At the top of the concrete stairs he acted out
stabbing someone, then indicated the victim falling to the bottom of
the stairs and someone climbing over her and running away. But
William didn't interpret it as a confession. 'Don't you see?' he
told the police. 'He's trying to tell you that somebody, maybe
several people, attacked him and the woman here.'
Lowell J. Myers was appointed by the court to defend Donald Lang.
Myers had been deaf since the age of 12, but he could lip-read, and he
was the only member of the US bar who knew sign-language. But
even Myers could not get through to Donald Lang. He found that
Lang could copy a few letters, he could say a very few words like
'home' and 'water', and he had considerable manual dexterity.
Myers tested this by taking his pen apart, and then watched while Lang
reassembled it in a matter of moments.
But the young, deaf-mute knew no sign language, couldn't lip-read and
was wholly illiterate. It was possible to communicate with him
on a basic level about things that were right in front of him, but
there was absolutely no way to discuss the murder.
In spite of his family testifying that Donald was completely normal
apart from his handicap, and the fact that he had held down a job for
years, operating and repairing a fork-lift truck, the court found him
to be mentally incompetent.
Donald Lang was not caught in a classic legal Catch 22. He
couldn't be released, and he couldn't be put on trial and given the
chance to prove his innocence - not unless he became 'competent'. |
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[ Mute from Infancy ]
After the killing of Ernestine Williams, Lang was held in a
hospital for the criminally insane. He showed signs of being
dangerous when in contact with women.
His family called him Donny. He was born on 15th January 1945 in
the black ghetto on the South Side of Chicago. No one was quite
sure how he got his handicap, but at 5 weeks little Donny had a bad
bout of chicken pox, and around the same time the bottom fell out of
his home made crib and he crashed to the floor. For a time his
mother, Julia just thought the little boy was unusually quiet, but
eventually she took him to a doctor, and he was diagnosed as totally
deaf. 'Nerve deficiency - hopeless' was what the doctor wrote on
the card.
Normal school wouldn't take him. Donny had five weeks at the
Parkman Deaf-Oral School, before they declared him to be mentally
retarded or brain-damaged or brain-damaged and unteachable. That
was the end of Donald Lang's schooling.
At 10 he started to hang out at the Chicago Market, and by the time he
was 20, he was earning good money, using his great physical strength
to load and unload trucks. He could also drive and service a
fork lift. No one ever explained how this was possible if he was
so retarded.
Doctors and social workers remained undecided to the end about his
condition. Some believed him to be suffering from sensori-neural
deafness, which had led to his never learning to speak properly.
Others thought he might have aphasia - a brain disorder resulting in
an inability to understand or repeat words.
Lang seemed to function perfectly well in an all-male environment, but
it was observed in various institutes that he became disturbed and
difficult when there were women around. Apart from his family
the only women of whom he had any experience were prostitutes.
Hookers who knew him said he would insist on having sex with them four
or five times in a row, when he had only paid for once. If
thwarted he could become violent.
Lang's mother died only weeks before the murder of Ernestine Williams.
After her death some said Donny changed. He stayed out more at
night, drank more. Perhaps her death was the trigger that caused
two murders. |
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There followed a three year attempt to make Donald Lang competent to
stand trial for murder. He was transferred to the Dixon State
School, and given intensive therapy. He became the best worker
in the school in the therapy workshops. With his hands he was
manifestly competent, but he made no progress at all in learning to
communicate.
Finally in May 1969 the school gave up. Lang could not be taught
to communicate. Myers filed a writ of habeas corpus, demanding
that his client be either set free or put on trial. The writ was
denied. But a year later, after morning legal wrangling, the
Supreme Court of Illinois reversed the decision, and more than five
years after the murder of Ernestine Williams, Donald Lang was at last
committed for trial.
Of the prosecution witnesses one had disappeared, two were now dead
and one was dying in hospital. It was also found that the police
had kept only small pieces of Lang's clothes. A comparison of
bloodstains would be impossible. On 2nd February 1971, Lang
appeared in court, and the prosecutor, Joseph Witkowski, told the
judge the case was being dropped. Donald Lang was a free man.
But within five months, he would again be accused of murder.
At half past midnight on Sunday 25th July 1971 a black couple rented
Room 201 at the Hotel Viceroy. The Viceroy was a well-known
place for prostitutes to take their 'tricks'. The man gave the
manager Mattie Ligon a $5 bill, and she turned away for the change.
When she turned back the registered was signed Mr and Mrs Joknos, no
address. Mattie thought the man had signed, but she couldn't be
sure.
Two hours later the man came down the side stairs. In the lobby
he hesitated. Then he went to the phone, picked it up, looked at
if for a moment, and put it back again. The man left, and Mattie
remembered wondering what had happened to the woman.
It was a busy night at the Viceroy. The room was rented again at
4.45am and again at 9.15am. Then it was empty until a young
woman by the name of Lillian Shepherd checked in with a Mr Russell
Davis late on Monday morning. They found Room 201 clean and
tidy, but a strange smell seemed to be coming from the cupboard.
Lillian Shepherd pulled the door open. Inside she found the
bloodstained corpse of a woman. |
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[
Donald Lang ]
Donald Lang holds court
documents in front of his face as his lawyer Kenneth Fletcher fends off
reporters outside the courtroom. Judge Joseph Schneider ordered Lang to be
committed. |
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The Viceroy wasn't just a hookers' joint, it also had its long-term
residents. One of these was 61 year old Rufus Knight who worked
in the department store in Chicago. He had been keeping Mattie
Ligon company on the night of the 24th and 25th July. He had
exchanged a greeting with 'Mr Jonkos'. But it had been only a
silent greeting - a wave of the hand - because Rufus knew the man was
deaf and dumb. People called him 'the dummy'. His real
name was Donald Lang.
Lang was arrested at his workplace just as he had been six years
earlier. This time it was Detective Frank Bertucci who had the
problem trying to interview him, and things went in a very similar
manner to Denson's investigation.
Like Denson, Bertucci thought Lang was faking. One again Lang
made a drawing to try and explain what had happened. But as
before it wasn't easy to interpret what Donald Lang was trying to
communicate.
He drew a stick figure, and pointed to himself. Then he drew
another figure and added wavy lines on top. He also cupped his
hands to indicate breasts, in case Bertucci had missed the point.
He drew a jagged line, climbing diagonally across the page.
Stairs. Then he held up three fingers, pointed at the
woman and slowly and deliberately crossed her out with a large X.
Once again it looked like a confession. But what did the three
fingers indicate?
Then Detective Padar noticed Lang's socks. They were white, but
one had a reddish-brown stain. Pafar took the other detectives
outside to tell them what he had seen. When they came back Lang
had rolled down his sock to hide the stain.
When Mattie Ligon and Rufus Knight picked Lang out of a line-up, which
was kept totally silent to avoid prejudicing the witnesses, the police
were ready to charge their man, but Joseph Witkowski at the State's
Attorney's Office was playing it safe this time. Lang must be
released until they were sure it was blood on his socks and that it
matched the dead woman's. So that night the police let Donald
Lang go.
Meanwhile the dead woman was identified from her fingerprints.
She was a 38 year old prostitute named Earline Brown. She had
received a terrible beating, and died of asphyxiation due to injuries
to her throat and chest wall. Her blood type was the relatively
uncommon 'B' group. The blood on Lang's socks was type 'B' as
well. |
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[ Identifying the Killer ]
Donald Lang (left in
photo) is visited by two actors preparing for a TV movie based on his
story. But for a wealth of forensic evidence discovered in the
room where Earline Brown was murdered, Lang may have walked free from
the murder, thanks to his combination of deafness and learning
disabilities. |
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Lang was re-arrested at 9pm on 29th July at his father and
stepmother's apartment on South State Street. The next day Mary
Lang phoned the police to say she had found some of Donald's clothes
at the back of a closet with blood on them. His suit, belt and
white t-shirt showed traces of blood. It was found to be type
'B'. Donald's blood type was 'O'. This time Lang was put
on trial.
There was ample evidence that Lang had been present when the murder
was committed, but was there enough evidence to say that he had done
it? Although there was blood on all four walls of the room,
indicating that Earline had put up a considerable fight, there was no
evidence that Lang had been in a struggle. He had no scratches
on him when he was arrested and his bloodstained clothing, including
his thin white shirt, was undamaged.
The key question seemed to be: what had Lang meant when he held up
three fingers to Detective Berticci? Lowell Myers suggested he
was indicating that three men had come into the room and murdered
Earline, maybe in an argument about drugs.
But the prosecution proposed another version. The fact that the
state of her clothing Earline had clearly been murdered while fully
dressed also suggested that they had not had sex. So, the three
fingers probably indicated an argument about money. Witnesses
had seen Lang and Earline agree on $10 in a bar, but then Lang had
tried to haggle over the price of the room - $3 not $10. There
had been an argument and he had killed her.
On 21st January Donald Lang was found guilty, but the judge was
unwilling to commit him to the ordinary prison population.
Donald Lang was sentenced to between 14 and 25 years at a Special
Treatment Centre. |
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