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BAD PEOPLE

Date Added

Donald Lang June 2003
 
Bio
Full Name Donald Lang
  Date of  Birth 15th January 1945
  Known Also As The Deaf & Dumb Killer
  Hit Count 2+
Information & Pictures
  At 6'oclock on the cold Chicago morning of 12th November 1965 Mamie Harris, a 32 year old black woman, went to put out the trash in the alley by her home.  At the foot of some concrete stairs, half-hidden behind a door, she saw the battered and bloody body of a woman, Mamie called the police.


Detective Sergeant Denson, a tough, black cop from Area 4 Homicide, was put in charge of the investigation.  It looked like the most routine of ghetto killings - a black prostitute's body found in a back alley on Chicago's notorious Near West Side, where there was a murder a night. 


[ Detective Louis Denson ]

Detective Louis Denson though Lang was probably faking.
  It turned into a case unique in the annals of American law, which brought into question the whole ability of the US criminal justice system to deal fairly with the accused.


The dead prostitute was 37 year old Ernestine Williams.  The pathologist's report showed that she had died from a stab wound to the lungs.  She had also been battered around the head.


Denson started at a local hang-out for prostitutes and their 'tricks', the Romeo Tavern.  A regular customer, 61 year old Lee Jackson, told Denson he had seen Ernestine in the bar the night before, drinking and dancing by the juke box.  At around 10pm a short, young black man, who seemed unusually quiet, approached her.  Apparently he communicated by gestures only, because he showed some money, pointed to Ernestine's crutch and then to the door.  There wasn't much doubt about what he wanted.  Ernestine left her red jacket with a friend, Mary Jane Carter, for safe keeping, saying she would be right back, and the couple left.


[ Lowell Myers ]

Deaf defence attorney Lowell Myers argued for the case to be dismissed.  How could his client be tried for murder when he did not even know he was on trial?
  Ernestine never returned.  At about half past midnight the short, black man came back, gestured towards the coat and then towards outside, but Mary Jane refused to hand it over.


There were no eyewitnesses to the murder, but Denson soon established the identity of the man who had left the Romeo with Ernestine.  He was well-known in the area.  Some people called him 'the dummy'.  His name was Donald Lang, and he was a deaf mute.


[ Earline Brown ]

Earline Brown was last seen alive checking into a hotel with Donald Lang.  Her body was found in a cupboard and the mattress had been turned over to hide the bloodstains.



A huge puddle of blood was found on the mattress in Room 201 of the Viceroy Hotel, yet there was relatively little blood on Donald Lang's clothes.  Defence attorney Lowell Myers argued that these bloodstains were not contact smears such as the murderer would have received, but the result of flying droplets of blood, which had landed on Lang while someone else was beating Earline to death.  Myers drew particular attention to one such drop on the seat of Lang's trousers, but there was also blood on his knee.


Myers also pointed to some medium-brown hairs found stuck to dried blood on Earline's sandals.  These matched neither Donald Lang nor the victim, and were probably of Caucasian origin.  Myers presented these hairs as supporting evidence of his theory that other men had entered the room, and attacked Earline.  Unfortunately the hairs could just as well have been evidence of the hotel's failure to clean its rooms properly.


Blood was found on Earline's fingernails, but there was too little to be able to say what type it was.  Myers argued that this was evidence that Earline had scratched her assailant, and Donald Lang was unmarked.  But the prosecution pointed out that the blood was on top of the fingernails, not underneath where it would have been if it was the result of scratching.  Fragments of clothing but no blood or skin were found under the nails.
On the Monday morning homicide detectives arrested 20 year old Lang in the produce trucking area of Chicago's massive South Water Market, where he worked loading and unloading trucks.  He offered no resistance.


So far the case was fairly routine, but at the police station Denson was having trouble.  There seemed to be no way to communicate with  Donald Lang.  He mumbled sometimes, but he couldn't read or write, and nor apparently could he speak or hear.  It was the cop's hunch that he was faking.  Then Lang suddenly took the pen from Denson's breast pocket, and began to draw.  According to the detective, Lang drew a picture of a woman, and then made stabbing gestures towards Denson's chest.  'I took it to mean a confession,' Denson reported later.  But was it?

[ Dr Helmer R Myklebust ]

Language disorder expert Dr Helmer R. Myklebust examined Lang and reported that the young man could not - or would not - perform simple childish tests.  He declared Lang mentally defective.

The police picked up Donald's brother, William, hoping he would help with communication, and they drove to the crime scene.  Donald led them straight to the place where the body had been found.


There was no question that he must have been there when the murder took place.  At the top of the concrete stairs he acted out stabbing someone, then indicated the victim falling to the bottom of the stairs and someone climbing over her and running away.  But William didn't interpret it as a confession.  'Don't you see?' he told the police.  'He's trying to tell you that somebody, maybe several people, attacked him and the woman here.'


Lowell J. Myers was appointed by the court to defend Donald Lang.  Myers had been deaf since the age of 12, but he could lip-read, and he was the only member of the US bar who knew sign-language.  But even Myers could not get through to Donald Lang.  He found that Lang could copy a few letters, he could say a very few words like 'home' and 'water', and he had considerable manual dexterity.  Myers tested this by taking his pen apart, and then watched while Lang reassembled it in a matter of moments.


But the young, deaf-mute knew no sign language, couldn't lip-read and was wholly illiterate.  It was possible to communicate with him on a basic level about things that were right in front of him, but there was absolutely no way to discuss the murder.


In spite of his family testifying that Donald was completely normal apart from his handicap, and the fact that he had held down a job for years, operating and repairing a fork-lift truck, the court found him to be mentally incompetent.


Donald Lang was not caught in a classic legal Catch 22.  He couldn't be released, and he couldn't be put on trial and given the chance to prove his innocence - not unless he became 'competent'.

[ Mute from Infancy ]

After the killing of Ernestine Williams, Lang was held in a hospital for the criminally insane.  He showed signs of being dangerous when in contact with women.


His family called him Donny.  He was born on 15th January 1945 in the black ghetto on the South Side of Chicago.  No one was quite sure how he got his handicap, but at 5 weeks little Donny had a bad bout of chicken pox, and around the same time the bottom fell out of his home made crib and he crashed to the floor.  For a time his mother, Julia just thought the little boy was unusually quiet, but eventually she took him to a doctor, and he was diagnosed as totally deaf.  'Nerve deficiency - hopeless' was what the doctor wrote on the card.


Normal school wouldn't take him.  Donny had five weeks at the Parkman Deaf-Oral School, before they declared him to be mentally retarded or brain-damaged or brain-damaged and unteachable.  That was the end of Donald Lang's schooling.


At 10 he started to hang out at the Chicago Market, and by the time he was 20, he was earning good money, using his great physical strength to load and unload trucks.  He could also drive and service a fork lift.  No one ever explained how this was possible if he was so retarded.


Doctors and social workers remained undecided to the end about his condition.  Some believed him to be suffering from sensori-neural deafness, which had led to his never learning to speak properly.  Others thought he might have aphasia - a brain disorder resulting in an inability to understand or repeat words.


Lang seemed to function perfectly well in an all-male environment, but it was observed in various institutes that he became disturbed and difficult when there were women around.  Apart from his family the only women of whom he had any experience were prostitutes.  Hookers who knew him said he would insist on having sex with them four or five times in a row, when he had only paid for once.  If thwarted he could become violent.


Lang's mother died only weeks before the murder of Ernestine Williams.  After her death some said Donny changed.  He stayed out more at night, drank more.  Perhaps her death was the trigger that caused two murders.

There followed a three year attempt to make Donald Lang competent to stand trial for murder.  He was transferred to the Dixon State School, and given intensive therapy.  He became the best worker in the school in the therapy workshops.  With his hands he was manifestly competent, but he made no progress at all in learning to communicate.


Finally in May 1969 the school gave up.  Lang could not be taught to communicate.  Myers filed a writ of habeas corpus, demanding that his client be either set free or put on trial.  The writ was denied.  But a year later, after morning legal wrangling, the Supreme Court of Illinois reversed the decision, and more than five years after the murder of Ernestine Williams, Donald Lang was at last committed for trial.


Of the prosecution witnesses one had disappeared, two were now dead and one was dying in hospital.  It was also found that the police had kept only small pieces of Lang's clothes.  A comparison of bloodstains would be impossible.  On 2nd February 1971, Lang appeared in court, and the prosecutor, Joseph Witkowski, told the judge the case was being dropped.  Donald Lang was a free man.  But within five months, he would again be accused of murder.


At half past midnight on Sunday 25th July 1971 a black couple rented Room 201 at the Hotel Viceroy.  The Viceroy was a well-known place for prostitutes to take their 'tricks'.  The man gave the manager Mattie Ligon a $5 bill, and she turned away for the change.  When she turned back the registered was signed Mr and Mrs Joknos, no address.  Mattie thought the man had signed, but she couldn't be sure.


Two hours later the man came down the side stairs.  In the lobby he hesitated.  Then he went to the phone, picked it up, looked at if for a moment, and put it back again.  The man left, and Mattie remembered wondering what had happened to the woman.


It was a busy night at the Viceroy.  The room was rented again at 4.45am and again at 9.15am.  Then it was empty until a young woman by the name of Lillian Shepherd checked in with a Mr Russell Davis late on Monday morning.  They found Room 201 clean and tidy, but a strange smell seemed to be coming from the cupboard.  Lillian Shepherd pulled the door open.  Inside she found the bloodstained corpse of a woman.


[ Donald Lang ]

Donald Lang holds court documents in front of his face as his lawyer Kenneth Fletcher fends off reporters outside the courtroom.  Judge Joseph Schneider ordered Lang to be committed.
The Viceroy wasn't just a hookers' joint, it also had its long-term residents.  One of these was 61 year old Rufus Knight who worked in the department store in Chicago.  He had been keeping Mattie Ligon company on the night of the 24th and 25th July.  He had exchanged a greeting with 'Mr Jonkos'.  But it had been only a silent greeting - a wave of the hand - because Rufus knew the man was deaf and dumb.  People called him 'the dummy'.  His real name was Donald Lang.


Lang was arrested at his workplace just as he had been six years earlier.  This time it was Detective Frank Bertucci who had the problem trying to interview him, and things went in a very similar manner to Denson's investigation.


Like Denson, Bertucci thought Lang was faking.  One again Lang made a drawing to try and explain what had happened.  But as before it wasn't easy to interpret what Donald Lang was trying to communicate.


He drew a stick figure, and pointed to himself.  Then he drew another figure and added wavy lines on top.  He also cupped his hands to indicate breasts, in case Bertucci had missed the point.  He drew a jagged line, climbing diagonally across the page.  Stairs.  Then he held up three  fingers, pointed at the woman and slowly and deliberately crossed her out with a large X.  Once again it looked like a confession.  But what did the three fingers indicate?


Then Detective Padar noticed Lang's socks.  They were white, but one had a reddish-brown stain.  Pafar took the other detectives outside to tell them what he had seen.  When they came back Lang had rolled down his sock to hide the stain.


When Mattie Ligon and Rufus Knight picked Lang out of a line-up, which was kept totally silent to avoid prejudicing the witnesses, the police were ready to charge their man, but Joseph Witkowski at the State's Attorney's Office was playing it safe this time.  Lang must be released until they were sure it was blood on his socks and that it matched the dead woman's.  So that night the police let Donald Lang go.



Meanwhile the dead woman was identified from her fingerprints.  She was a 38 year old prostitute named Earline Brown.  She had received a terrible beating, and died of asphyxiation due to injuries to her throat and chest wall.  Her blood type was the relatively uncommon 'B' group.  The blood on Lang's socks was type 'B' as well.


[ Identifying the Killer ]

Donald Lang (left in photo) is visited by two actors preparing for a TV movie based on his story.  But for a wealth of forensic evidence discovered in the room where Earline Brown was murdered, Lang may have walked free from the murder, thanks to his combination of deafness and learning disabilities.
Lang was re-arrested at 9pm on 29th July at his father and stepmother's apartment on South State Street.  The next day Mary Lang phoned the police to say she had found some of Donald's clothes at the back of a closet with blood on them.  His suit, belt and white t-shirt showed traces of blood.  It was found to be type 'B'.  Donald's blood type was 'O'.  This time Lang was put on trial.


There was ample evidence that Lang had been present when the murder was committed, but was there enough evidence to say that he had done it?  Although there was blood on all four walls of the room, indicating that Earline had put up a considerable fight, there was no evidence that Lang had been in a struggle.  He had no scratches on him when he was arrested and his bloodstained clothing, including his thin white shirt, was undamaged.


The key question seemed to be: what had Lang meant when he held up three fingers to Detective Berticci?  Lowell Myers suggested he was indicating that three men had come into the room and murdered Earline, maybe in an argument about drugs.


But the prosecution proposed another version.  The fact that the state of her clothing Earline had clearly been murdered while fully dressed also suggested that they had not had sex.  So, the three fingers probably indicated an argument about money.  Witnesses had seen Lang and Earline agree on $10 in a bar, but then Lang had tried to haggle over the price of the room - $3 not $10.  There had been an argument and he had killed her.


On 21st January Donald Lang was found guilty, but the judge was unwilling to commit him to the ordinary prison population.  Donald Lang was sentenced to between 14 and 25 years at a Special Treatment Centre.

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